Nailing concrete



106. COMPOSITIONS,

, following is a specifi floors must be comparatively nails are used. asa COATING OR PLASTIC. 9 9

Patented May 29, r

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Jon E. Kmnsr, a citizenof the United States, residing at 44 Washington Avenue, New Rochelle, inthe county of VVestchester and State of New York, have invented a newand useful Improvement in Nailing Concrete, of which the cation.

The invention has to do with nailing concrete, that is to say, Portlandcement concrete into which nails eanbereadily driyen andwhifilijs'he'ietofore been used mainly as a nailing base for floors androofs in firenm ibufldfi sncnstrnefic The 1- ing quality of theseconcretes is obtained by the incorporation in the mixture of anappropriate proportion of asbestos fiber, the comparatively cheap, verys 0 ber grades being suitable for this purpose. Sand or an equivalentfiller is used as is customary in concrete mixtures, the sand or othermaterials preferably being fipe, as coarse particles interfere with thenetration of the nails. The amount of asbestos fiber used variessomewhat according to the grade, and depends in the main on the purposeto which the concrete is to be put. For example, a nailing concrete fora nailing base for wood hard, because of the necessity for high holdingpower on the nails, eight-penny wrought iron nails being customarilyused in this class of work. For roofs, on the other hand, soft copperrule to nail the finished roofings, and consequently the concrete mustbe softer. This so-called hardness of nailing concrete can be controlledby the amount of asbestos fiber in the mixture, the higher percentage ofasbestos fiber producing the softer concrete. Depending upon conditions,the amount of asbestos in these mixtures 'may vary from total aggregateweight of the whole mixture prior to the addition of water.

The present invention is based upon the discovery that a much betternailing concrete can be produced by the incorporation of a certainpercentage of pulverized s l a t e ,in the mixture. The nailing concreteobabout TO% to 30% of the some E. xnnrsr, or new ROCHELLE, NEW YOR.

NAILING concnnrn.

Application filed November 14, 1922. Serial No. 600,960.

ing, and because of the presence of the pulverized slate, there ismaterially increased compressive friction, which causes the nails to beheld more powerfully than heretofore. From the structural standpoint,also, the value of the material is increased because of the greaterdensity, and the high compressive and tensile strength, particularlycompressive strength, resulting from the use of the pulverized slate, inmixtures such as are contemplated.

The increase in structural strength obtained in this way is so markedthat it becomes possible to adapt nailing concrete, heretofore generallyavailable only as a nailing base, for the production of structural roofand floor slabs withbuilding code requirements.

The addition of the pulverized slate also has the important efl'ect ofrendering the concrete less absorbent of moisture, or comparativelyWater-proof. The pulverizg i slate p ipillfhbithe...asbestos n the or 1-nary mixtures, that is to say, less asbestos is used when the slate isadded. Tests also show that the pulverized slate in the concrete hasbinding qualities, and consequently by using a certain percentage of theslate, it is possible to reduce the quantity of Portland cement employedin the mixture, W1 a consequent reduction in cost.

. The proportion of pulverized slate will necessarily vary in differentmixtures and for specific purposes, but generally speaking, a,percentage of pulverized slate complying fully.

amounting from about one-third to one-Half shown that the followingillustrative mixtures produce excellent results.

No.1-For wood oors (nwlling has By weight. B11 volume. Portland cement188 lbs. 2 cu.ft. Screened sand 720 8 Pulverized slate; 25 i Asbestosfiber 75 1! No.2For r00 a mailing base may? Portland cement 188 lbs. 2cu. ft. Screened sand 360 4 Pulverized slate 50 1 Asbestos fiber 2i No.3-For structural r 0,0

alabs (slab Mariam my basecomb'med). Portland cement 188 lbs. 2 cu. ft.Screened sand 36 4 Pulverlzed slate 25 i Asbestos fiber 75-" 1! To meetdifferent conditions it will naturally necessary to have othermixentirely of asbestos fiber in ver short form, but other grades'fofasbestos or asfi's'tos mulae supplied. The concrete is made byresidie'may be used.

or purposes of comparison with the illustrative mixtures Nos. 1 and 2,two mix;

tures that have commonly been used in the past for the same purpose andcomposed of the same ingredients, lacklng, however, the pulverlzedslate, are. set down:

For wood floors. By weight. By volume.

corporation of the pulverized slate and in addition, it is possible toemploy mixtures such as No. 3 for roof or floor slabs.

In the use of the invention, it will be found convenient for themanufacturer to provide a mixture of the asbestos fiber and ulyerizedslate to be sh pped 7 in bags to clliierent localities and there combned on the spot with the Portland cementand sand or its 'equivalefitfinaccordance 'with"for-' mixing the ingredients together and adding waterproper amount to cause the cement to set. The concrete when set anddried out is nailable and always remains so, and possesses the improvedand additional characteristics due to the presence of pulverized slate.

What is claimed as new is:

gortlang 061158111; %%%lbs. 3 cu. ft. A 1 t f 1 creene san 7 7Asbestosflber 100 u nal g concrete mm r or s c u a For m slabs comprismgcement, said. asbestos fiber o}t1angcem;nt 3331 i and pulver1zec} slatein approximate procreene an s Asbestosfiber 200 p n s to ows. Mixturesof this character are greatly cemmt 188 2 lmproved and may be cheapenedby the lIl- San 360 Asbestos 75 lbs. 1% cu. ft.

Pulverized slate--- 25 lbs. 5} cu. ft.

JOHN E. KLEIST.

